According to the American Diabetes Association , statistics show that if you have a parent or sibling with diabetes, your odds of developing it yourself increase. Although research is not conclusive, some ethnic groups seem to have a higher rate of diabetes. This is true for:. Genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis and hemochromatosis can both damage the pancreas leading to a higher likelihood of developing diabetes. Monogenic forms of diabetes result from single gene mutations.
Monogenic forms of diabetes are rare, accounting for only 1 to 5 percent of all cases of diabetes found in young people. A small percentage of pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes.
This leads to insulin resistance and high levels of glucose in the blood. Women who develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC , women that deliver a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds are also at greater risk. According to the Mayo Clinic , your risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases as you age. Your risk goes up after age 45 in particular.
However, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically among children, adolescents, and younger adults. Likely factors include reduced exercise, decreased muscle mass, and weight gain as you age. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed by the age of Excess body fat can cause insulin resistance. Fatty tissue may cause inflammation that can lead to insulin resistance. But many overweight people never develop diabetes, and more research is needed on the link between obesity and diabetes.
Poor nutrition may contribute to type 2 diabetes. Diet tips for insulin resistance ». Exercise makes muscle tissue respond better to insulin. This is why regular aerobic exercise and resistance training can lower your diabetes risk. Talk to your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you.
Although rare, certain hormonal conditions can also lead to diabetes. You are also more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you have prediabetes or had gestational diabetes when you were pregnant. Learn more about risk factors for type 2 diabetes. You can take steps to lower your chances of developing these diabetes-related health problems. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public.
Diabetes Overview What is Diabetes? In this section: What are the different types of diabetes? How common is diabetes? Who is more likely to develop type 2 diabetes? What health problems can people with diabetes develop? Diabetes affects just about everyone, from the over million Americans with or at risk for the disease to the many more people who care for them. What are the different types of diabetes?
The most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes If you have type 1 diabetes , your body does not make insulin. Gestational diabetes is the result of hormonal changes during pregnancy. This can cause high blood sugar during pregnancy. Women who are overweight when they get pregnant or who gain too much weight during their pregnancy are more likely to get gestational diabetes.
Both genes and environmental factors play a role in triggering diabetes. Get more information here on the causes of diabetes. Your family, environment, and preexisting medical conditions can all affect your odds of developing diabetes.
High blood sugar damages organs and tissues throughout your body. The higher your blood sugar is and the longer you live with it, the greater your risk for complications. Uncontrolled gestational diabetes can lead to problems that affect both the mother and baby. Complications affecting the baby can include:.
The mother can develop complications such as high blood pressure preeclampsia or type 2 diabetes. She may also require cesarean delivery , commonly referred to as a C-section. Diabetes can lead to serious medical complications, but you can manage the condition with medications and lifestyle changes. Avoid the most common diabetes complications with these helpful tips. Doctors treat diabetes with a few different medications. Some of these drugs are taken by mouth , while others are available as injections.
Insulin is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes. There are four types of insulin that are most commonly used. Diet and exercise can help some people manage type 2 diabetes. You may need to take more than one of these drugs. Some people with type 2 diabetes also take insulin. According to the Mayo Clinic, about 10 to 20 percent of women with gestational diabetes will need insulin to lower their blood sugar.
Insulin is safe for the growing baby. The drug or combination of drugs that your doctor prescribes will depend on the type of diabetes you have — and its cause. Check out this list of the various medications that are available to treat diabetes. Healthy eating is a central part of managing diabetes. In some cases, changing your diet may be enough to control the disease.
Your blood sugar level rises or falls based on the types of foods you eat. Starchy or sugary foods make blood sugar levels rise rapidly. Protein and fat cause more gradual increases. Your medical team may recommend that you limit the amount of carbohydrates you eat each day. Work with a dietitian who can help you design a diabetes meal plan. Getting the right balance of protein, fat, and carbs can help you control your blood sugar.
Check out this guide to starting a type 1 diabetes diet. Eating the right types of foods can both control your blood sugar and help you lose any excess weight. Carb counting is an important part of eating for type 2 diabetes. A dietitian can help you figure out how many grams of carbohydrates to eat at each meal. In order to keep your blood sugar levels steady, try to eat small meals throughout the day. Emphasize healthy foods such as:. Certain other foods can undermine efforts to keep your blood sugar in control.
Discover the foods you should avoid if you have diabetes. Eating a well-balanced diet is important for both you and your baby during these nine months. Making the right food choices can also help you avoid diabetes medications. Watch your portion sizes, and limit sugary or salty foods. Although you need some sugar to feed your growing baby, you should avoid eating too much. Consider making an eating plan with the help of a dietitian or nutritionist.
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