As the 7th largest country in the world, India stands apart from the rest of Asia, marked off as it is by mountains and the sea, which give the country a distinct geographical entity. Bounded by the Great Himalayas in the north, it stretches southwards and at the Tropic of Cancer, tapers off into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. It has a land frontier of about 15, km. The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the Himalayas.
The climate of India can broadly be classified as a tropical monsoon one. But, in spite of much of the northern part of India lying beyond the tropical zone, the entire country has a tropical climate marked by relatively high temperatures and dry winters.
There are four seasons:. The mainland comprises of four regions, namely the great mountain zone, plains of the Ganga and the Indus, the desert region, and the southern peninsula. Coal, iron ore, manganese ore, mica, bauxite, petroleum, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, magnesite, limestone, arable land, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite, fluorite, etc. Air pollution control, energy conservation, solid waste management, oil and gas conservation, forest conservation, etc.
India's population, as on 1 March stood at 1,,, The average annual exponential growth rate stands at 1. All the five major racial types - Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, Caucasian, and Negroid find representation among the people of India. Additionally, fencing the bilateral boundaries is complicated by disputes over the demarcation of the border. Some countries view the fencing policy led by India as a unilateral demarcation aimed at imposing de facto borders.
Regional economic integration can be a solution for both territorial disputes and unauthorized cross-border movements. In other words, border-fencing strategies and related security measures will continue to be ineffective solutions against complicated and multifaceted problems such as undocumented migration and other illegal cross-border activities if a comprehensive policy is not put in place that takes into account the interests and rights of all parties.
There existed 51 Bangladeshi enclaves in Indian Territory and around Indian enclaves inside Bangladesh. In , the two countries signed a Land and Boundary Agreement in New Delhi to demarcate the border and prevent border conflicts.
According to the agreement, these enclaves were to be exchanged except for Berubari, Angarpota and Dahagram. See Harun Ur. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, , p.
See also the following Pushpita Das book who distinguishes between three different categories of Indo-Pak border. Pushpita Das Ed. New Delhi: Penguin Books, , p. London: Anthem Press, , p. New Delhi: Sage Publication, , p. See also N. New Delhi: Government of India , p. Suba Chandran and P. Vienna: United Nations Publication, , p.
Thingnam Kishan Singh Ed. New Delhi : Concept , , p. Boulder: Westview Press, , p. Creative Commons - Attribution 4. Check if your institution has already acquired this book: authentification to OpenEdition Freemium for Books. You can suggest to your institution to acquire one or more ebooks published on OpenEdition Books.
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Thank you. We will forward your request to your library as soon as possible. OpenEdition is a web platform for electronic publishing and academic communication in the humanities and social sciences. Desktop version Mobile version. Open Book Publishers. Border Fencing in India. Israel and the Fencing Policy1. The Fences of Ceuta and Melilla 1. World of Walls Said Saddiki. Search inside the book. Table of contents.
Cite Share. Cited by. It extends for miles km from Bhutan in the west to miles km east of the great bend of the Brahmaputra River in the east, largely along the crest of the Himalayas. China rejects the Simla Accord, contending that the Tibetan government was not sovereign and therefore did not have the power to conclude treaties.
Chinese maps show some 65, square kilometres of the territory south of the line as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, known as South Tibet in China.
Though China does recognise a Line of Actual Control which closely approximates most of the McMahon line" in the eastern part of its border with India.
The strait is 33 to 50 miles 53 to 80 km wide and the strait is named after Robert Palk, who was a governor of Madras Presidency — during the Company Raj period. Apart from the above mentioned major lines which divide Indian Subcontinent into different countries, there are other borders which India-the biggest country in Subcontinent and as countries share with each other.
Videos News India. Latest Stories. Mutual Funds. Worth X. Science And Future. India, Tropical or Temperate Country? The temperate part north of Tropic of Cancer is twice the area of tropical part. But India has always been treated as a tropical country for two different reasons — physical and cultural.
Its climate is dominated by the tropical monsoons and the temperate air masses are blocked by Himalayas. Entire area south of the Himalayas is essentially tropical from climatic point of view: Although the night temperatures in Winter at several places in North India may come down to the level of those prevailing in temperate lands, yet clear skies and intense insolation raise the day temperatures to a tropical level.
Cultural Geographical Reasons Settlements, diseases, agricultural and primary economic activities are all tropical in nature. It is primarily because of Himalayas that India is a tropical country.
Barring Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Delhi, Haryana and Telangana, all other States in the country have one or more international borders or a coastline and can be regarded as frontline States from the point of view of border management. The Sino-Indian border is generally divided into three sectors namely : i the Western sector, ii the Middle sector, and iii the Eastern sector.
The western sector boundary is largely the outcome of the British policy towards the state of Jammu and Kashmir. China claims the Aksai Chin district , the Changmo valley, Pangong Tso and the Sponggar Tso area of north-east Ladakh as well as a strip of about 5, sq km down the entire length of eastern Ladakh. The border is a porous one with unrestricted movement of goods and people between Indian and Nepal.
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