Finally, a transparent process is the most efficient, just and accountable way to ensure the return of stolen assets to their rightful owners by providing much-needed funding for social programs and infrastructure development. What happens if that money is returned? First, it demonstrates the consequences of corruption and that stolen assets cannot be hidden.
Other possible sources of wealth: Government corruption and the sale of state companies and land. Will Egypt be able to get the money back? Switzerland has frozen whatever assets the Mubaraks and their associates still have there, and other countries are under pressure to do the same. Anti-corruption watchdogs are calling for criminal charges against the Mubaraks. A conviction would help banks return the cash. But, according to Britain's Sunday Telegraph , Mubarak scrambled in his last days in office to hide his assets.
Skip to header Skip to main content Skip to footer Instant Guide. Here, a quick guide to the fight over Mubarak's money: How much money are we talking about? Watch a Bloomberg report about Mubarak's great wealth Where's the loot? Yet he was skilled at destabilizing political opponents and in creating an aura through much of his tenure that Egypt was moving ahead even as it struggled.
Such figures benefited the wealthy and members of the ruling National Democratic Party but did not lift the nation out of desperation. Tens of thousands of college graduates each year face the prospect of no job. Healthcare, schools and other services deteriorated, leading to disenchantment and accusations that Mubarak had grown aloof to the poor and the middle class, even as he groomed his son Gamal, a Western-educated venture capitalist, to succeed him. In , the Bush administration urged Mubarak to ease restrictions on the media and opposition parties; two years later, Mubarak pressed parliament to allow multiparty presidential elections.
The reforms were limited, however, and no other candidate stood a chance. But this relative openness backfired on Mubarak and the U.
Mubarak skillfully undercut his main political opponent by painting the Muslim Brotherhood as in league with Islamic militants. The struggle between the two was illustrative of the larger battle between popular Islamic parties and old-guard Middle East regimes viewed as corrupt and unable to move beyond the politics of the Cold War. Outrage over the results coincided with a movement of young middle-class professionals that used Facebook and nonviolent protest tactics to stage a demonstration on Jan.
Riot police failed to drive back the crowds, as did thugs dispatched by the ruling party to attack demonstrators. Mubarak, appearing as if a tone-deaf father, failed in three nationally televised speeches to calm the furor against him. He became as defiant as the protesters in a drama that riveted the word until Feb. He was later arrested and charged with complicity to commit murder, and, along with his sons, corruption and embezzlement. Mubarak was born May 4, , in the northern province of Minufiya, the son of a low-ranking civil servant.
He graduated from the military academy in as a lieutenant and from the air force academy in He spent much of the period from to in the Soviet Union, training on Tupolev Tu heavy bombers as well as other aircraft, and moved up rapidly through the ranks after returning to Egypt.
In , Nasser made him air force chief of staff. Six years later, Sadat — who became president when Nasser died of a heart attack in — chose Mubarak to be his vice president. It was a controversial choice because Mubarak ranked only third in the military hierarchy, but Sadat apparently saw in the man 10 years his junior a leader with no political debts who represented the younger generation of officers.
And as the No. Perhaps because of these attributes, Sadat gave him responsibilities unusual for a vice president in the Arab world.
Mubarak accompanied the president to summits on several continents, tried to mediate an end to a war in the Western Sahara territory and led a delegation to meet with Mao Tse-tung in China after Egypt abrogated its friendship treaty with the Soviet Union. He also visited Europe and Iran after the Camp David peace conference the next year and staunchly supported the formal peace treaty in Mubarak, who was slightly wounded, was asked later if he ever thought about that brush with death.
I met so many terrible events in the air. I think for me it is not more than what I met there. Mubarak escaped a assassination attempt in Ethiopia. Egypt held an estimated 25, political prisoners in , most of them religious extremists, but had virtually wiped out the network of internal extremists.
Jeffrey Fleishman is foreign and national editor at the Los Angeles Times. Previously, he was a senior writer on film, art and culture.
A longtime foreign correspondent, he served as bureau chief for The Times in Cairo and Berlin, and was previously based in Rome for the Philadelphia Inquirer. Sylvere Lotringer, intellectual who infused U. Bobbie Kirkhart, the matriarch of atheism in L.
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