Measles illness during pregnancy can cause early labor, miscarriage, and low birth weight infants. Measles in people with AIDS or weak immune systems can be very severe.
In the U. There is no medicine that kills the measles virus once someone develops measles. Most people with measles get better by themselves. They should rest, drink plenty of fluids, and can take acetaminophen Tylenol to help reduce the fever and feel more comfortable.
People who are severely ill or who develop pneumonia, middle ear infection, or diarrhea should discuss treatment with their doctor. Although no medicine will make the measles virus go away, there may be a role for other medicines, such as antibiotics, in treating other possible reasons for infection.
Measles is a very contagious viral disease that is spread through the air from person to person. Measles can be transmitted when someone with measles coughs or sneezes, and other people breathing the air containing the measles virus can then get measles.
The measles virus can also float in the air for up to one hour after someone with measles has coughed or sneezed. People with measles can spread the disease to others from 4 days before the rash starts before they know they have the disease , through 4 days after the rash begins.
People can become immune to measles in two ways. For example, you can be exposed to the measles virus by being in the same room, home,office, or waiting room with someone who has measles or by being there up to one hour after the person with measles has left.
A blood test is the most reliable method. The measles IgG test shows whether the body has antibodies to fight off the virus. If enough measles antibodies are present, then the person is said to have evidence of immunity to measles. Vaccination records are also reliable. Measles is a highly contagious disease, more contagious than influenza.
Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease capable of creating epidemics. It can be contracted at any age.
In just one outbreak, 64 people caught measles in eight different regions across Slovenia, Italy and Belgium in less than eight weeks. Factsheet Communication materials Prevention and control Surveillance and disease data Threats and outbreaks. Factsheet about measles. Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail. The pathogen The measles virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae.
The virus is related to several viruses that infect animals, including the Canine Distemper Virus. Primates can be infected in vitro but humans are the only reservoir for the measles virus which, theoretically, could be eradicated from the world. The entire measles virus genome has been sequenced which has allowed for identification of distinct wild-virus lineages with different geographical distribution.
This makes it possible to confirm or suggest the source of an outbreak. Vaccine induced immunity protects against all virus strains. Measles is considered a monotypic virus despite the genetic variations. Clinical features and sequelae The prodrome starts after a 10—day incubation period and is characterised by fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, cough and bronchiolitis. Nearly all infected susceptible individuals develop clinical disease. The measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops 2—4 days after the onset of fever and spreads from the head to the body over the next 3—4 days.
The rash, which blanches on pressure early in the course, fades in the order of appearance during the next 3—4 days and assumes a nonblanching appearance. Mortality from measles is predominantly caused by complicating bacterial infections. Complications are likely to have developed if the fever does not drop within 1 or 2 days after the onset of the rash.
Case fatality is 1—3 per cases and highest in those younger than five years of age and among immunocompromised individuals. Pneumonia accounts for six out of ten measles associated deaths. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis SSPE is a rare 1 per cases and fatal degenerative central nervous system disease caused by a persistent infection with a mutant measles virus.
The onset is several years after the episode of measles on average seven years and most affected children had measles before two years of age. Infants are protected from birth against measles by maternal antibodies if the mother is immune to measles. This passive immunity gradually disappears over the second half of the first year of life.
Infants with partial passive immunity may develop milder and shorter episodes of measles that still confers lasting immunity. Epidemiology The EU measles case definition for the purpose of epidemiological surveillance can be reviewed here. In the pre-vaccine era, measles was endemic in Europe and most people would be infected during childhood. It is so contagious that if one person has it, 9 out of 10 people of all ages around him or her will also become infected if they are not protected.
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