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The black pigmented microplates are well suited for fluorescent biological assays. Transparent microplates have excellent optical characteristics for colorimetric assays, but also find use in the fields of cell culture and storage. The physical properties of polystyrene PS make it an excellent choice for microplate construction.
Polystyrene can handle wide variations in temperatures that are needed in various laboratory settings, such as cold storage at Fahrenheit to thermal cycling applications where temperatures can fluctuate throughout the pre-programmed steps. Polystyrene plates also have the ability to contain chemical compounds for long-term storage. Other types of materials used in the construction of microplates include polycarbonate, cyclo-olefins polypropylene , glass and quartz, although polystyrene is the most common material used in the manufacture of well plates.
Injection molding which is used for polystyrene, polypropylene, and cyclo-olefin is the most common manufacturing process. Vacuum forming is used when working with softer plastics such as polycarbonate.
Composite microplates, more complex plates such as filter plates, SPE plates and advanced PCR plate designs use multiple components which are molded separately and assembled later in the manufacturing process. Takatsy hand machined the first microplates which had six rows of twelve wells. The microplate may seem unassuming on the surface but life without the microplate would probably be much different. Well plates are used in virology, serology, microbiology and a myriad of other life science and drug discovery laboratories.
The microplate is a simple, relatively low-tech, cost-effective, humble and unassuming tool found in labs across the world. The microplate saves time for the researcher as well as money on costly reagents which can be extremely expensive.
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