Confirming: Where one set of options confirms a hypothesis generated by another set of options Explaining: Where one set of options sheds light on unexpected findings derived from another set of options.
Triangulation to minimize bias The problem with relying on just one option is to do with bias. Measurement bias — Measurement bias is caused by the way in which you collect data. Triangulation allows you to combine individual and group research options to help reduce bias such as peer pressure on focus group participants.
Triangulation combines the different strengths of these options to ensure you getting sufficient coverage. Procedural bias — Procedural bias occurs when participants are put under some kind of pressure to provide information. Triangulation allows us to combine short engagements with longer engagements where participants have more time to give considered responses. Using an evaluation matrix to check triangulation An evaluation matrix, as shown below, will help you check that the planned data collection will cover all the KEQs , see if there is sufficient triangulation between different data sources, and help you design questionnaires, interview schedules, data extraction tools for project records, and observation tools, to ensure they gather the necessary data.
Combine qualitative and quantitative data. Share RSS Print version. Thank you. This has been helpful so far. Concise yet substantial. This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Notify me when new comments are posted. All comments. Replies to my comment. Leave this field blank. Participant Questionnaire. Key Informant Interviews. Project Records. Observation of program implementation.
KEQ1 What was the quality of implementation? KEQ3 What other impacts did the program have? Researchers differ in the emphasis placed on the purposes of triangulation; some investigators view it as critical to establishing corroborating evidence, and others focus on its potential to provide multiple lines of sight and multiple contexts to enrich the understanding of a research question. Particularly associated with qualitative research methods, triangulation typically involves examining data from interviews, focus groups, written archives, or other sources.
Triangulation is often used in studies that combine both quantitative and qualitative Triangulation Encyclopedia of Research Design Search form. Show page numbers Download PDF. Search form icon-arrow-top icon-arrow-top. Page Site Advanced 7 of Edited by: Neil J. Buy in print.
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